TENSE

TENSE

 

1. Present Simple Tense

🔍 Usage:

• Daily routines, habits
• Universal truths or facts
• Instructions or directions
• Scheduled future events (e.g., The train leaves at 6 p.m.)

✅ Rule:

• Affirmative: I/We/You/They/Plural + V1(s/es)
• He/She/It/Singular +  V1
• Negative: I/We/You/They/Plural  +  do not+ V1
• He/She/It/Singular + does not+ V1
• Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + V1?

✅ Affirmative Examples:

1.  I go to school.

2.  She drinks milk.

3.  He reads novels.

4.  They play cricket.

5.  We study daily.

6.  The sun rises in the east.

7.  Birds fly in the sky.

8.  My mother cooks food.

9.  Dogs bark.

10.                   The train arrives at 6 PM.

❌ Negative Examples:

1.  I do not go to school.

2.  She does not drink milk.

3.  He does not read novels.

4.  They do not play cricket.

5.  We do not study daily.

6.  The sun does not rise in the west.

7.  Birds do not swim.

8.  My mother does not cook Chinese food.

9.  Dogs do not meow.

10.                   The train does not arrive at 5 PM.

❓ Interrogative Examples:

1.  Do I go to school?

2.  Does she drink milk?

3.  Does he read novels?

4.  Do they play cricket?

5.  Do we study daily?

6.  Does the sun rise in the east?

7.  Do birds fly?

8.  Does your mother cook?

9.  Do dogs bark?

10.                   Does the train arrive at 6 PM?

 

2. Past Simple Tense

 Usage:

• Completed actions in the past
• A series of completed actions
• Past habits or facts
• Specific time references (e.g., yesterday, last year)

 Rule:

• Affirmative: Subject + V2
• Negative: Subject + did not + V1
• Interrogative: Did + Subject + V1?

Affirmative Examples:

1.  I visited the museum.

2.  She called me.

3.  He went home.

4.  They played football.

5.  We saw the movie.

6.  The dog barked.

7.  Rina danced well.

8.  I met him yesterday.

9.  He bought a book.

10.                   We completed the task.

 Negative Examples:

1.  I did not visit the museum.

2.  She did not call me.

3.  He did not go home.

4.  They did not play football.

5.  We did not see the movie.

6.  The dog did not bark.

7.  Rina did not dance.

8.  I did not meet him.

9.  He did not buy a book.

10.                   We did not complete the task.

 Interrogative Examples:

1.  Did I visit the museum?

2.  Did she call me?

3.  Did he go home?

4.  Did they play football?

5.  Did we see the movie?

6.  Did the dog bark?

7.  Did Rina dance well?

8.  Did I meet him yesterday?

9.  Did he buy a book?

10.                   Did we complete the task?

 

3. Future Simple Tense

 Usage:

• Future predictions
• Promises and offers
• Spontaneous decisions
• Future facts

 Rule:

• Affirmative: Subject + will + V1
• Negative: Subject + will not + V1
• Interrogative: Will + Subject + V1?

 Affirmative Examples:

1.  I will visit the doctor.

2.  She will go to school.

3.  He will write a letter.

4.  They will arrive tomorrow.

5.  We will start early.

6.  You will love this book.

7.  It will rain today.

8.  My brother will help you.

9.  The shop will open at 10.

10.                   I will meet her.

 Negative Examples:

1.  I will not visit the doctor.

2.  She will not go to school.

3.  He will not write a letter.

4.  They will not arrive tomorrow.

5.  We will not start early.

6.  You will not love this book.

7.  It will not rain today.

8.  My brother will not help you.

9.  The shop will not open at 10.

10.                   I will not meet her.

 Interrogative Examples:

1.  Will I visit the doctor?

2.  Will she go to school?

3.  Will he write a letter?

4.  Will they arrive tomorrow?

5.  Will we start early?

6.  Will you love this book?

7.  Will it rain today?

8.  Will my brother help you?

9.  Will the shop open at 10?

10.                   Will I meet her?

 

4. Present Continuous Tense

 Usage:

• Actions happening at the moment
• Temporary actions
• Planned future actions

 Rule:

• Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing
• Negative: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing
• Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + V1 + ing?

 Affirmative Examples:

1.  I am reading a book.

2.  She is cooking dinner.

3.  He is writing a letter.

4.  They are watching TV.

5.  We are playing chess.

6.  You are speaking loudly.

7.  It is raining outside.

8.  I am studying now.

9.  She is calling you.

10.                   The kids are sleeping.

 Negative Examples:

1.  I am not reading a book.

2.  She is not cooking dinner.

3.  He is not writing a letter.

4.  They are not watching TV.

5.  We are not playing chess.

6.  You are not speaking loudly.

7.  It is not raining outside.

8.  I am not studying now.

9.  She is not calling you.

10.                   The kids are not sleeping.

 Interrogative Examples:

1.  Am I reading a book?

2.  Is she cooking dinner?

3.  Is he writing a letter?

4.  Are they watching TV?

5.  Are we playing chess?

6.  Are you speaking loudly?

7.  Is it raining outside?

8.  Am I studying now?

9.  Is she calling you?

10.                   Are the kids sleeping?

 

 

II. PAST TENSES

 ️  SIMPLE PAST TENSE 

Usage: Completed actions/events in the past.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + V2 (past form)
•  Negative: Subject + did not + V1
•  Interrogative: Did + Subject + V1?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I went to school.

2.  She sang a song.

3.  He played cricket.

4.  They watched a movie.

5.  We studied hard.

6.  You met her.

7.  It rained yesterday.

8.  I ate breakfast.

9.  She read a book.

10.                   We walked home.

• Negative:

1.  I did not go.

2.  She did not sing.

3.  He did not play.

4.  They did not watch.

5.  We did not study.

6.  You did not meet her.

7.  It did not rain.

8.  I did not eat.

9.  She did not read.

10.                   We did not walk.

• Interrogative:

1.  Did I go?

2.  Did she sing?

3.  Did he play?

4.  Did they watch the movie?

5.  Did we study?

6.  Did you meet her?

7.  Did it rain?

8.  Did I eat?

9.  Did she read?

10.                   Did we walk?

 

Past Continuous Tense

Usage: Actions in progress at a particular past time.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing
•  Negative: Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing
•  Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + V1 + ing?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I was studying.

2.  She was cooking.

3.  He was driving.

4.  They were playing.

5.  We were watching TV.

6.  You were reading.

7.  It was raining.

8.  I was writing a letter.

9.  She was singing.

10.                   We were eating.

• Negative:

1.  I was not studying.

2.  She was not cooking.

3.  He was not driving.

4.  They were not playing.

5.  We were not watching.

6.  You were not reading.

7.  It was not raining.

8.  I was not writing.

9.  She was not singing.

10.                   We were not eating.

• Interrogative:

1.  Was I studying?

2.  Was she cooking?

3.  Was he driving?

4.  Were they playing?

5.  Were we watching TV?

6.  Were you reading?

7.  Was it raining?

8.  Was I writing?

9.  Was she singing?

10.                   Were we eating?

 

Past Perfect Tense

Usage: Actions completed before another past action/time.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + had + V3
•  Negative: Subject + had not + V3
•  Interrogative: Had + Subject + V3?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I had eaten dinner.

2.  She had left early.

3.  He had finished his work.

4.  They had gone home.

5.  We had watched the film.

6.  You had done it.

7.  It had stopped raining.

8.  I had written a letter.

9.  She had read the book.

10.                   We had cleaned the room.

• Negative:

1.  I had not eaten.

2.  She had not left.

3.  He had not finished.

4.  They had not gone.

5.  We had not watched.

6.  You had not done it.

7.  It had not stopped.

8.  I had not written.

9.  She had not read.

10.                   We had not cleaned.

• Interrogative:

1.  Had I eaten?

2.  Had she left?

3.  Had he finished?

4.  Had they gone?

5.  Had we watched?

6.  Had you done it?

7.  Had it stopped?

8.  Had I written?

9.  Had she read?

10.                   Had we cleaned?

️⃣

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage: Action that started in the past and continued till another past point.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + had been + V1 + ing
•  Negative: Subject + had not been + V1 + ing
•  Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + V1 + ing?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I had been studying.

2.  She had been cooking.

3.  He had been working.

4.  They had been playing.

5.  We had been watching TV.

6.  You had been reading.

7.  It had been raining.

8.  I had been writing.

9.  She had been talking.

10.                   We had been cleaning.

• Negative:

1.  I had not been studying.

2.  She had not been cooking.

3.  He had not been working.

4.  They had not been playing.

5.  We had not been watching.

6.  You had not been reading.

7.  It had not been raining.

8.  I had not been writing.

9.  She had not been talking.

10.                   We had not been cleaning.

• Interrogative:

1.  Had I been studying?

2.  Had she been cooking?

3.  Had he been working?

4.  Had they been playing?

5.  Had we been watching?

6.  Had you been reading?

7.  Had it been raining?

8.  Had I been writing?

9.  Had she been talking?

10.                   Had we been cleaning?

 

 III. FUTURE TENSES

 

9Simple Future Tense

Usage: Future plans, decisions, predictions.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + will + V1
•  Negative: Subject + will not + V1
•  Interrogative: Will + Subject + V1?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I will go to school.

2.  She will sing.

3.  He will play cricket.

4.  They will visit us.

5.  We will meet tomorrow.

6.  You will pass.

7.  It will rain.

8.  I will help you.

9.  She will call later.

10.                   We will clean the room.

• Negative:

1.  I will not go.

2.  She will not sing.

3.  He will not play.

4.  They will not visit.

5.  We will not meet.

6.  You will not pass.

7.  It will not rain.

8.  I will not help.

9.  She will not call.

10.                   We will not clean.

• Interrogative:

1.  Will I go?

2.  Will she sing?

3.  Will he play?

4.  Will they visit?

5.  Will we meet?

6.  Will you pass?

7.  Will it rain?

8.  Will I help?

9.  Will she call?

10.                   Will we clean?

 

 Future Continuous Tense

Usage: Actions in progress at a future time.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + will be + V1 + ing
•  Negative: Subject + will not be + V1 + ing
• Interrogative: Will + Subject + be + V1 + ing?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I will be studying.

2.  She will be cooking.

3.  He will be working.

4.  They will be playing.

5.  We will be watching TV.

6.  You will be reading.

7.  It will be raining.

8.  I will be writing.

9.  She will be singing.

10.                   We will be eating.

• Negative:

1.  I will not be studying.

2.  She will not be cooking.

3.  He will not be working.

4.  They will not be playing.

5.  We will not be watching.

6.  You will not be reading.

7.  It will not be raining.

8.  I will not be writing.

9.  She will not be singing.

10.                   We will not be eating.

• Interrogative:

1.  Will I be studying?

2.  Will she be cooking?

3.  Will he be working?

4.  Will they be playing?

5.  Will we be watching?

6.  Will you be reading?

7.  Will it be raining?

8.  Will I be writing?

9.  Will she be singing?

10.                   Will we be eating?

 

🔢 Future Perfect Tense

Usage: Actions that will be completed before a future time.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + will have + V3
•  Negative: Subject + will not have + V3
•  Interrogative: Will + Subject + have + V3?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I will have finished my work.

2.  She will have written the letter.

3.  He will have left.

4.  They will have arrived.

5.  We will have eaten.

6.  You will have completed it.

7.  It will have stopped.

8.  I will have gone.

9.  She will have cleaned the room.

10.                   We will have slept.

• Negative:

1.  I will not have finished.

2.  She will not have written.

3.  He will not have left.

4.  They will not have arrived.

5.  We will not have eaten.

6.  You will not have completed it.

7.  It will not have stopped.

8.  I will not have gone.

9.  She will not have cleaned.

10.                   We will not have slept.

• Interrogative:

1.  Will I have finished?

2.  Will she have written?

3.  Will he have left?

4.  Will they have arrived?

5.  Will we have eaten?

6.  Will you have completed it?

7.  Will it have stopped?

8.  Will I have gone?

9.  Will she have cleaned?

10.                   Will we have slept?

 

🔣 Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage: Ongoing future actions that continue up to a point in the future.

Structure:

•  Affirmative: Subject + will have been + V1 + ing
•  Negative: Subject + will not have been + V1 + ing
•  Interrogative: Will + Subject + have been + V1 + ing?

Examples:

• Affirmative:

1.  I will have been studying.

2.  She will have been cooking.

3.  He will have been working.

4.  They will have been playing.

5.  We will have been watching.

6.  You will have been reading.

7.  It will have been raining.

8.  I will have been writing.

9.  She will have been singing.

10.                   We will have been cleaning.

• Negative:

1.  I will not have been studying.

2.  She will not have been cooking.

3.  He will not have been working.

4.  They will not have been playing.

5.  We will not have been watching.

6.  You will not have been reading.

7.  It will not have been raining.

8.  I will not have been writing.

9.  She will not have been singing.

10.                   We will not have been cleaning.

• Interrogative:

1.  Will I have been studying?

2.  Will she have been cooking?

3.  Will he have been working?

4.  Will they have been playing?

5.  Will we have been watching?

6.  Will you have been reading?

7.  Will it have been raining?

8.  Will I have been writing?

9.  Will she have been singing?

10.                   Will we have been cleaning?