VOICE

voice change rules (Active ↔ Passive Voice)

Simple Present Tense

Rule:
Active: Subject + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + is/am/are + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

2. Present Continuous Tense

Rule:
Active: Subject + is/am/are + V1+ing + Object
Passive: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
She is writing a letter.	A letter is being written by her.
They are playing football.	Football is being played by them.
He is drinking tea.	Tea is being drunk by him.
I am reading a book.	A book is being read by me.
We are cleaning the house.	The house is being cleaned by us.
She is painting the wall.	The wall is being painted by her.
They are helping the poor.	The poor are being helped by them.
He is repairing the car.	The car is being repaired by him.
I am making a cake.	A cake is being made by me.
She is watering the plants.	The plants are being watered by her.

3. Simple Past Tense

Rule:
Active: Subject + V2 + Object
Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
She wrote a letter.	A letter was written by her.
They played football.	Football was played by them.
He drank tea.	Tea was drunk by him.
I read the book.	The book was read by me.
We cleaned the house.	The house was cleaned by us.
She painted the wall.	The wall was painted by her.
He repaired the car.	The car was repaired by him.
I made a cake.	A cake was made by me.
She watered the plants.	The plants were watered by her.
They opened the door.	The door was opened by them.

4. Past Continuous Tense

Rule:
Active: Subject + was/were + V1+ing + Object
Passive: Object + was/were + being + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
She was writing a letter.	A letter was being written by her.
They were playing football.	Football was being played by them.
He was drinking tea.	Tea was being drunk by him.
I was reading a novel.	A novel was being read by me.
We were cleaning the room.	The room was being cleaned by us.
She was painting the wall.	The wall was being painted by her.
He was repairing the bike.	The bike was being repaired by him.
I was making a call.	A call was being made by me.
She was watering the garden.	The garden was being watered by her.
They were opening the boxes.	The boxes were being opened by them.

5. Present Perfect Tense

Rule:
Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + has/have + been + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
She has written a letter.	A letter has been written by her.
They have played football.	Football has been played by them.
He has drunk the juice.	The juice has been drunk by him.
I have read the story.	The story has been read by me.
We have cleaned the room.	The room has been cleaned by us.
She has painted the wall.	The wall has been painted by her.
He has repaired the fan.	The fan has been repaired by him.
I have made a decision.	A decision has been made by me.
She has watered the flowers.	The flowers have been watered by her.
They have opened the gate.	The gate has been opened by them.

6. Future Simple Tense

Rule:
Active: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + will/shall + be + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
She will write a letter.	A letter will be written by her.
They will play football.	Football will be played by them.
He will drink coffee.	Coffee will be drunk by him.
I will read the book.	The book will be read by me.
We will clean the room.	The room will be cleaned by us.
She will paint the house.	The house will be painted by her.
He will repair the laptop.	The laptop will be repaired by him.
I will make a cake.	A cake will be made by me.
She will water the plants.	The plants will be watered by her.
They will open the shop.	The shop will be opened by them.

7. Modal Verbs (Can, Should, May, etc.)

Rule:
Active: Subject + modal + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + modal + be + V3 + (by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
She can write a letter.	A letter can be written by her.
They should play football.	Football should be played by them.
He may drink milk.	Milk may be drunk by him.
I can read this book.	This book can be read by me.
We must clean the hall.	The hall must be cleaned by us.
She might paint the fence.	The fence might be painted by her.
He could repair the TV.	The TV could be repaired by him.
I would make tea.	Tea would be made by me.
She must water the plants.	The plants must be watered by her.
They can open the gate.	The gate can be opened by them.

ENGLISH BY SANJAY SIR